Row 5272

Row ID: 5272 | Dataset Entry | Axioma AXP Content Repository

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On April 28, 1503, the Battle of Cerignola took place — a battle between the Spanish and French armies in Apulia, near the town of Cerignola

After the joint conquest of the Kingdom of Naples by the French and Spaniards, Fernando II, King of Castile and Aragon, also proclaimed himself king of Sicily and Naples. This caused great discontent on the part of France, and she immediately declared war on the Spaniards. On April 28, 1503, the French and Spanish armies converged near the town of Cerignola in the province of Apulia in southern Italy. Preparations for the battle began.

Gonzalo Fernandez de Cordoba, the Spanish military commander, adopted a defensive strategy. He builds a field fortification — a moat and a palisade, behind which his Coronelas occupy positions. There are about 1 thousand riflemen in them, assembled in two detachments, covered by German landsknechts-pikemen. De Cordova places his guns (up to two dozen) on the hills behind the position.

On April 28, the French army launches an attack by mounted men-at-arms with the support of artillery fire (more than two dozen guns). Soon, de Cordova's army loses its reserves of gunpowder (either as a result of shelling or arson), and its guns cease fire. However, the Spanish infantry continues to conduct heavy rifle fire, and the French cavalry, without crossing the moat and palisade, retreats. The French commander, the Duke of Nemours, was also killed. The attack of the Swiss infantry is also stopped by barriers and rifle fire, after which the Swiss are thrown back by a counterattack by German pikemen. In the end, the French king's army runs out of strength and surrenders after the Spaniards launch a counteroffensive and surround it.

The battle becomes the first in European history, the outcome of which is completely decided by hand-held firearms (in combination with field fortifications). Artillery did not play a significant role in it. It was also the first defeat of the "invincible" Swiss infantry, which heralded the end of its two hundred years of domination on the battlefields, while simultaneously heralding the arrival of a new "perfect infantry" — the Spanish. The Battle of Cerignol is the first truly modern battle, as Delbruck estimates it.

The hand weapons of the Spaniards are, apparently, still long–barreled hand guns (that is, not yet arquebuses as such), although, most likely, they already have lodges allowing aimed fire. The "heavy rifle fire" of one thousand shooters is reduced to "4 thousand shots" in "one hour, which, in fact, the battle lasted."

Illustration for the post: a painting by Federico Madrazo: "Gonzalo Fernandez de Cordoba finds Louis d'Armagnac's corpse after the Battle of Cerignola"

The painting is certainly not devoid of a romantic flair — in the realities of the XVI century, the corpse was robbed and stripped naked.

FieldValue
text On April 28, 1503, the Battle of Cerignola took place — a battle between the Spanish and French armies in Apulia, near the town of Cerignola After the joint conquest of the Kingdom of Naples by the French and Spaniards, Fernando II, King of Castile and Aragon, also proclaimed himself king of Sicily and Naples. This caused great discontent on the part of France, and she immediately declared war on the Spaniards. On April 28, 1503, the French and Spanish armies converged near the town of Cerignol…
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Raw Record

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